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The Salesman (2016), Gheirat, and Negotiations With The State

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The Salesman (2016), Gheirat, and Negotiations With The State

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(2024). The Salesman (2016), Gheirat, and Negotiations With The State. In Cinema Iranica. Encyclopaedia Iranica Foundation https://cinema.iranicaonline.org/article/the-salesman-2016-gheirat-and-negotiations-with-the-state/
. "The Salesman (2016), Gheirat, and Negotiations With The State." Cinema Iranica, Encyclopaedia Iranica Foundation, 2024. https://cinema.iranicaonline.org/article/the-salesman-2016-gheirat-and-negotiations-with-the-state/
(2024). The Salesman (2016), Gheirat, and Negotiations With The State. In Cinema Iranica. Encyclopaedia Iranica Foundation. Available from: https://cinema.iranicaonline.org/article/the-salesman-2016-gheirat-and-negotiations-with-the-state/ [Accessed November 20, 2024].
. "The Salesman (2016), Gheirat, and Negotiations With The State." In Cinema Iranica, (Encyclopaedia Iranica Foundation, 2024) https://cinema.iranicaonline.org/article/the-salesman-2016-gheirat-and-negotiations-with-the-state/

The Salesman (2016) by Asghar Farhadi is one of the most successful films in Iranian cinema history, attracting both international festivals and domestic audiences. In this study, I will argue that the film belongs to a strand of films that I call “gheirat films” starting primarily in the late 1960s and the popularization of Gheisar (1969, Masud Kimiai) in Iran. Gheirat is an Islamic concept that primarily manifests in male-female relationships accompanied by a sense of protection of close family members. Gheirat films can be considered an Iranian subcategory of revenge stories, where revenge is provoked by rape or sexual assault of namoos (female close members such as mother, sister, and wife). In Iranian cinema, there is a fixation on male characters in gheirat stories. This male fixation has two features: first, in the narrative, it renders the victim of the sexual assault, the female character, an abject object, reducing her space in the narrative. The female characters either die, commit suicide, or are to some extent eliminated from the narrative. Second, eliciting gheirat is thought to be a male phenomenon, contrary to the reality of Iranian society and many scientific studies that demonstrate its gender neutrality. There seems to be a development in treating the female victim in The Salesman compared to films such as Gheisar, as she is not removed entirely from the narrative. However, in this modern gheirat film, not only the female protagonist’s (Rana’s) presence is minimized in the story of her own sexual assault, but she is also stripped of virtually any type of agency. The Salesman’s male fixation can stem from the negotiations with the Islamic Republic and its male gaze-driven modesty censorship rules that require it; however, unlike in Gheisar, the honor embedded in eliciting gheirat is problematized and the male protagonist (Emad) undergoes a demasculinization process.